I. Oxygen to body

    A. Oxygen- lets your body burn food

        1. makes 1/5 of the air around us

    B. Respiration

        1. oxygen>blood, waste>air

            a. exchange of gases

II. Heart & Lung Team

    A. air passage= oxygen to lungs

    B. Air passage= Co2 away

        1. heart

            a. oxygen rich blood- left

            b. oxygen poor blood- right

III. The Exchange of Gases

    A. Alveoli 

        1. tiny air sacks (co2, o2)-in contact with capillaries

        2. o2 seeps through membranes into capillary blood

            a. Hemoglobin- contains o2

            b. Plasma- gives co2 to the alveoli

IV. How you Breathe

    A. average- inhale & exhale 15 times p/ min

        1. 20,000 times p/ day

    B. Lungs (collarbone>diaphragm)

        1. soft, spongy, elastic, light (1lb each)

        2. surrounded by the pleura

        3. holds 3 qt of air, 1 pt- quiet breathing, 4 qt- exercise

    C. Air

        1. inhaled= 21% o2; exhaled= 16% o2

        2. 3,000 gal of air= 150 gal of o2

    D. Chest muscles

        1. lungs have no muscles

        2. Diaphragm

            a. sheet of muscle

            b. movable floor from backbone to ribs

                (1.) quiet breathing= less in. movement

                (2.) exercise= several in. movement

        3. Smaller muscles

            a. help you take deep breaths

                (1.) located between ribs

V. Protecting your lungs

    A. regular air- not suitable

        1. dry, cold, hot, dirty

    B. Pharynx (throat)

    C. Epiglottis

        1. trapdoor- attached to bottom of tongue

        2. closes when you swallow

            a. prevents food from entering the trachea

        3. soft palate closes nasal cavities

    D. Heimlich Maneuver

        1. expels food by compressing lungs

        2. standing or sitting

            a. take their fist, press abdomen

        3. lying down

            b. kneel beside them, depress abdomen with palm

VI. Filtering, Moistening, Warming

   a. Nose= first filter

        1. hairs and bony ridges trap particles

   B. Mucus

        1. Catches particles

        2. cilia bring mucus to mouth to be:

            a. swallowed, coughed up, or sneezed out

   C. Nasal Cavity

        1. humidifier

        2. Moistened by mucus, sinus releases, and tear ducts

        3. heater

            a. warm from blood flow

            b. body loses heat with every breath

VII. Coughing and Sneezing

   A. Removes harmful particles

   B. Sneezing-clears nasal cavity

        1. one sneeze- 100 mph!

VIII. Help from your Immune System

   A. Smoke & air pollution

        1. lungs not protected

   B. Baby=pink lungs, smoker= gray lungs

   C. Common cold

        1. virus- cannot be cured with drugs

   d. Bronchitis

        1. air passages swell

   E. Asthma

        1. bronchial muscles contract

   F. Tuberculosis

        1. bacteria destroy lung tissue